四川盆地二叠—三叠系碳酸盐岩和砂岩中的鞍形白云石——岩石学、形成温度与流体

鞍形白云石是沉积岩中的一种重要成岩矿物。显微镜下鞍形白云石具有特殊的弧形晶面和波状消光,广泛分布于热液环境和其他相对高温的成岩环境中,也常被作为半定量的地质温度计和某些特殊流体的指示矿物。本文综合讨论了四川盆地二叠—二叠系碳酸盐岩和砂岩中鞍形白云石的岩石学特征,铁、锰、钙含量和阴极发光特征,形成温度和矿物的氧同位素组成,以及推算的源流体的氧同位素组成和盐度;同时对照研究了鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界砂岩中的鞍形白云石、塔里木盆地寒武—奥陶系的鞍形白云石以及南海珠江口盆地新近系的鞍形白云石,得到如下认识:(1)碳酸盐岩中大多数的鞍形白云石的晶体大小都超过1mm,具有粗晶—极粗晶结构。砂岩中鞍形白云石胶结物的晶体相对较小,主要具中—粗晶结构。碳酸盐岩中的鞍形白云石主要分布在晶洞或裂缝中,砂岩中的鞍形白云石主要是晚期的胶结物。(2)碳酸盐岩中的鞍形白云石普遍具有阴极发光和很低的铁、锰含量,在钙、镁含量上接近理想组成;砂岩中的鞍形白云石胶结物普遍具有较高的铁、锰含量,因铁的猝灭作用而经常没有阴极发光,同时因富钙而偏离白云石的理想组成。(3)存在溶解现象(或去白云化现象)是一些鞍形白云石的重要特征,与热液有关的鞍形白云石的溶解可能与热液作用后温度和(或)盐度的降低及镁离子的消耗有关,较大埋深条件下形成的砂岩中的鞍形白云石胶结物的溶解可能与构造抬升造成的温度降低有关。(4)大多数鞍形白云石都是在较高的温度和盐度的流体中沉淀的,四川盆地二叠—三叠系碳酸盐地层中鞍形白云石包裹体均一化温度为100~270℃,源流体的盐度(NaCl质量分数)为4.7%~9.7%,盐度最大值约为当时海水的5倍;三叠系须家河组砂岩中的鞍形白云石胶结物包裹体均一化温度为120~170℃,流体盐度在2.6%~6.6%,也超过当时海水的盐度值。(5)南海珠江口盆地新近系碳酸盐岩中的一些鞍形白云石晶体较小,以细晶为主,缺乏可进行均一温度分析的两相包裹体,其形成温度可能较低,因而鞍形白云石形成的最低温度可能低于80℃,但这仍然需要资料的进一步积累。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘中生界石油勘探思路与对策

鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘三叠系延长组主要发育大型岩性圈闭油藏,储层致密,直井自然产能低,如何对其实现经济有效开发一直是困扰地质人员的主要问题之一。作者根据多年油气地质研究,结合勘探实践经验,认为该区油气成藏具有"主源定型、双向排烃、岩性控藏、近源成藏"的特点,油气高产主要受储层品质、油气充满度以及断裂-裂缝发育程度等因素控制,有利的"源、储、疏、高压封存"四元配置是该区石油富集高产的最主要因素,进而提出了针对性的勘探思路与对策,即综合利用勘探开发一体化模式、水平井分段压裂技术和黄土塬三维地震技术可实现经济有效的勘探开发。     

On the Difficulty of Measuring Forecasting Skill in Financial Markets

The use of correlation between forecasts and actual returns is commonplace in the literature, often used as a measurement of investors' skill. A prominent application of this is the concept of the information coefficient (IC). Not only can the IC be used as a tool to rate analysts and fund managers but it also represents an important parameter in the asset allocation and portfolio construction process. Nevertheless, a theoretical understanding of it has typically been limited to the partial equilibrium context where the investing activities of each agent have no effect on other market participants. In this paper we show that this can be an undesirable oversimplification and we demonstrate plausible circumstances in which conventional empirical measurements of IC can be highly misleading. We suggest that improved understanding of IC in a general equilibrium setting can lead to refined portfolio decision making ex ante and more informative analysis of performance ex post. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

连续刚构铁路桥收缩徐变效应监测与分析

对连续刚构铁路桥箱梁温度场及桥梁线形进行长期、连续监测,通过主梁跨中下挠的理论与实测对比揭示了连续刚构铁路桥收缩徐变效应。对比了国内外常用收缩徐变估算模型,选择CEB-FIP徐变模型对黄河特大连续刚构桥进行了有限元分析。采用实测温度数据,以箱梁内测温度、外侧温度、顶底板温度梯度、左右侧温度梯度作为箱梁温度场的评判指标,对箱梁1年内的四季温度场分布进行分析。在基于相同温度场的条件下,通过理论值与实测值对比,发现分析成果与实测结果较吻合,说明混凝土的收缩徐变是引起连续刚构铁路桥跨中下挠的主要原因,对比结果还说明通过改善箱梁顶底板应力差能够改善收缩徐变长期效应。     

金属锌改性HZSM-5催化的固定床反应器中甲醇芳构化工艺条件优化研究

通过等体积浸渍法制备了Zn改性的HZSM-5催化剂,并在连续流动固定床反应器上研究了Zn-HZSM-5催化剂的甲醇芳构化性能。结合X射线衍射(XRD)、吡啶吸附傅立叶变换红外光谱(Py-IR)、N2吸附-脱附方法对金属锌改性HZSM-5催化剂进行了表征。考察了Zn负载量和操作条件对甲醇芳构化反应的影响,并针对甲醇芳构化反应过程中强放热导致催化剂床层温升过高而使催化剂结焦失活的现象,探讨了催化剂床层温度控制的影响因素。研究结果表明,锌改性HZSM-5的最佳负载量(质量分数)区间为2%~3%;2.5%Zn-HZSM-5催化的固定床反应器中甲醇芳构化的最优工艺条件为常压,400~430℃,甲醇质量空速小于2 h-1;降低甲醇水溶液中甲醇物质的量比、加大气相空速中氮气分压均能降低催化剂床层的温升。     

Effect of thermo-mechanical treatment on Ti–Ta-Hf high temperature shape memory alloy

The microstructure, martensitic transformation and mechanical/functional properties of Ti–Ta-Hf alloys with various thermo-mechanical treatments were investigated. The results reveal that the hot-rolling could refine the grain size and introduce a certain number of defects, resulting in the disappearance of martensitic transformation. The as-casted and solution treated Ti–Ta-Hf alloys were composed of α'' martensite phase and smaller volume of β phase. In contrast, the grain size of solution treated Ti–Ta-Hf alloy was slightly less than that of as-casted Ti–Ta-Hf alloy. This should be responsible to the higher yield stress and superior strain recovery characteristics for solution treated Ti–Ta-Hf alloy. The yield stress for the dislocation slip and the maximum recoverable strain of solution treated Ti–Ta-Hf alloy were 723 ​MPa and 5.06%, respectively.     

企业现金持有水平对创新投入的影响研究基于现金保障天数的实证检验

目前我国新发展格局正在加速形成，企业需要抓住自主创新的机遇，因此一定水平的创新投入必不可少。然而，企业持有足够的现金是否能有效促进创新？本研究以2014~2019年我国A股上市公司为研究样本，首次使用企业的现金保障天数衡量现金持有水平，实证检验了现金持有水平与企业创新投入的关系。结论表明，现金持有水平能正向影响企业创新投入，且业绩波动性正向调节企业现金持有水平与创新投入之间的关系。异质性检验表明，非国有企业比国有企业现金持有水平对创新投入的促进作用更大，业绩波动性在非国有企业中调节效应更显著。企业可通过提高其现金保障天数来保证创新项目的资金投入，提高创新投入水平。     

金具零部件表面防腐蚀试验研究

随着经济的持续高速增长，各行业用电需求增大。在加快特高压骨干电网建设的同时，提高现有电网的输电能力、输电质量成为重中之重。金具是海上换流站的重要组成部分，海洋环境的特殊性，对金具提出了更高的耐腐蚀性能要求。为了探究海洋环境对金具的腐蚀性，选用ZL101A和ZL102两种典型的铝合金金具，采用5种辅助防腐蚀工艺获得5种耐腐蚀样本，并模拟海上工况对其分别进行盐雾腐蚀试验，得出最优防腐蚀工艺。研究表明：ZL101A和ZL102两种铝合金具有一定的耐腐蚀性能，ZL101A铝合金的耐腐蚀性能强于ZL102铝合金的；抛丸处理的防腐措施在ZL101A铝合金样本中的防腐蚀表现要强于ZL102铝合金样本的；阳极氧化在两种材质中防腐蚀表现均为优异，是最优异的防腐蚀工艺。     

Effect of heat treatment on microstructures and properties of a novel Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy for oil drilling

In view of the special requirements for strength, heat resistance and corrosion resistance of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy for oil drilling, the Al-6.2 Zn-2.5 Mg-1.6 Cu alloy was prepared by increasing Cu content on basis of Russian Series 1953 alloy. The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and properties of the alloy was characterized by optical microscope(OM), scanning electron microscope(SEM) and transmission electron microscope(TEM), and investigated by tensile test at room temperature, thermal exposure test and corrosion test. The results show that the strength after T6 aging treatment exhibit a decrease trend as an increase of the solution temperature from465 °C to 480 °C. After the solution treated by the rate of 470 °C/1 h, second phases dissolve into the matrix very well and the strength property reaches optimum. The alloy has better comprehensive properties treated by a solution treatment of 470 °C/1 h and then followed by an aging treatment of 120 °C/24 h + 170 °C/1 h + 120 °C/24 h. Under the aging state, the precipitated phases inside the grains are suitable in size, while on the grain boundary distribute discontinuously and the precipitate-free zone is obvious. Besides, the alloy still maintain high tensile properties. The yield strength, tensile strength and elongation are 650 MPa, 686 MPa,12.0%, respectively. The yield strength retention after heat exposure is 92%. The alloy has good corrosion resistance and the exfoliation corrosion degree. The average corrosion rate in the H_2S and CO_2 environment is 0.0024 mm/a, which is far less than the required 0.12 mm/a. It is insensitive to H_2S and CO_2 environments.